The purpose of the current research was to investigate the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management in Iran's educational system based on the interpretive structural modeling approach. The research method was a modeling study. The statistical population of the research was specifically the academic staff members of the university, 25 of whom were purposefully selected from the desired cases. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-interactive questionnaire. In order to measure and evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the criterion of content validity was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was 0.96. The data analysis was done with interpretive structural modeling method. The results of the research showed that 9 factors play a role as barriers to school-oriented management. Also, the results showed that financial obstacles (the cost of school-oriented management), socio-cultural obstacles and political obstacles (political focus on schools by the central government) as key independent variables have high influence power and low dependence. Also, the results showed that the lack of belief in the professional competence of school administrators, the lack of infrastructure facilities, the emphasis of upper management on the supervision and control of schools, and the lack of cooperation of local communities with school-based management as the linking variables with the greatest power of influence and the greatest power of dependence. and the centralism in the education system of the country and the lack of legal powers to school managers and staff as dependent variables have high dependency power and low influence power.

Air pollution and energy shortage as serious crises، made researchers and industrialists trying to find suitable solutions with the aim of energy management. Electric transportation loads ( especially، electric vehicles and urban metro systems )، are considered as the major consumers of energy for the electric network. Since the mentioned vehicles، have time overlap with the peak demand of main electric network at the peak time consumption، the feeding procedure has negative impacts on the upstream grid. One of the best solutions is reusing the huge regenerative energy of braking trains. The regenerative energy could be taken to consideration as a distributed generation in electric transportation system as well as the distributed generations of power systems like solar energy resources. Therefore، in this paper an integrated configuration comprised of the urban metro system، charging station for electric vehicles، photovoltaic panels، and energy storage as an interface for energy exchange is introduced to alleviate the problems. The priorities of power consuming، supplying، charging or discharging are defined by a smart energy management system. This system imposes the economic and technical constraints to power flows. By considering this method the profitable consequences are imminent. Supplying the loads by the smart configuration leads to energy management and consequently the reduction of the operation and infrastructure expenses and decreasing the negative impacts on the upstream network by optimizing the model of energy consumption from economic and technical points of view.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The problem of energy saving and the transition to technologies that allow to partially or completely move away from the use of gas and other fossil fuels are a priority in Ukraine today. By consuming traditional energy sources using outdated technologies for energy supply of industrial facilities, Ukraine consumes 3-4 times more fuel per unit of Gross Domestic Product compared to developed countries. For industrial enterprises, the energy intensity of costs is 35-40% of the total cost. At the same time, obsolete fixed assets, especially its active part (the degree of physical wear and tear of industrial equipment is 60-65%), are characterized by a large share of energy and heat loss. METHODS: Modeling, structural analysis, and theoretical research based on current advances in the theory and practice of creating energy-efficient buildings using energy from alternative sources. FINDINGS: Calculations and structural analysis of costs by stages of the life cycle of the design solution of the hot water supply and heating system with energy-efficient fencing and heat pump have been made. Peculiarities of calculation of assessment and design solutions in accordance with the Ukrainian legislation have been determined. The study has been conducted in seven Ukrainian industrial enterprises in the energy sector. CONCLUSION: It is determined that the structural analysis of costs by stages of the project life cycle on the basis of standard costing should be used at the stage of designing a new power system or upgrading an existing one through marketing research. All this will contribute to the formation of a fundamentally new approach to solving technical and economic problems of the introduction of modernized energy supply systems for industrial purpose.

Increasing the energy consumption, greenhouse gas emission, the need to improve reliability and sustainable supply of electricity, are some of the most challenging issues in modern power systems. To tackle these challenges, using renewable-energy based sources to reduce dependence on fuel-based energy sources is focused. For this purpose, using the electric vehicles, in the form of distributed generation, as an appropriate solution to replace combustion vehicles is strongly considered. In this paper, the energy management in Multi-agent microgrids in an integrated framework including the electric vehicle charging stations and reducing pollution is suggested. In the proposed strategy, to manage the energy optimally, two stages are implemented. First, in each microgrid, local energy management is performed, pollution of diesel generation sources is considered, and the hourly amounts of surplus/shortage powers are determined. At the second stage, the microgrid is connected to the upstream network, and the impacts of electric vehicle charging stations, and also the sale/buy of power are modeled. To improve the power quality and optimize the net power, energy storage systems are used. The results of simulation studies using General Algebraic Modeling system software confirm that by applying the proposed technique the operating costs are optimized. They confirm that the total operation costs of microgrids will be increased by considering the fuel cost and produced pollution by diesel generators. Also, by using the electric vehicles charging stations, the overall costs over 24 hours will be reduced, up to $792.

The idea of the Internet of Things (IoT) has turned out to be increasingly prominent in the cutting edge period of innovation than at any other time. From little family unit gadgets to extensive modern machines, the vision of IoT has made it conceivable to interface the gadgets with the physical world around them. This expanding prominence has likewise made the IoT gadgets and applications in the focal point of consideration among aggressors. O cially, a few sorts of pernicious exercises exist that endeavor to bargain the security and protection of the IoT gadgets. One fascinating rising risk vector is the assaults that misuse the utilization of sensors on IoT gadgets. IoT gadgets are powerless against sensor-based dangers because of the absence of legitimate security estimations accessible to control the utilization of sensors by applications. By abusing the sensors (e. g., accelerometer, gyrator, mouthpiece, light sensor, and so on. ) on an IoT gadget, assailants can separate data from the gadget, exchange malware to a gadget, or trigger a pernicious movement to bargain the gadget. In this review, we investigate di erent dangers focusing on IoT gadgets and talk about how their sensors can be mishandled for malignant purposes. Speci cally, we present an itemized study about existing sensor-based dangers to IoT gadgets and countermeasures that are grown speci cally to verify the sensors of IoT gadgets. Besides, we talk about the security and protection issues of IoT gadgets with regards to sensor-based dangers and  nish up with future research headings.